DIARRHEA

Diarrhea is a disease which in marked to defecation with frequency more than three times a day andwatery flabby feces consistency, with or accompanied by blood in feces, with orwithout mucus in the feces.

Diarrhea is divided into two groups :

1. The character of diarrhea is acute.

Diarrhea occurs suddenly and lasts less than 7 days in infants, childrens and adults which healthy.

2. The character of diarrhea is persistent.

Starting from acute diarrhea with or without treatment there is no recovery and lasts less than 14 days or more.

Factors that can cause diarrhea :

1. Environmental factors.

Sanitation of environment which dirty with poor individual hygiene.

2. Infection factors.

Microorganisms as a cause of infection of diarrhea :

• Viral infections ( Rotavirus, Adenovirus )
• Bacterial infection ( Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli, Vibro )
• Parasitic infection ( Protozoa, stomach worms )
• Fungus ( Candida )

3. Food factors.

Diet that is not hygienic, or spoiled foods, allergic to certain foods.

4. Psychological factors.

Fear and worry when moment which important and urgent, like a test.

5. Disruption of the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates ( lactoseintolerance ), fats and proteins.

6. Disruption of immune the body, caused by changes in the weather.

In adult, maybe not difficulty for detecting and handling of diarrhea, but require attentive for cases in children and babies. Prolonged diarrhea can cause seizures in children resulting in death.

Detection of symptoms of diarrhea in childrens and babies :

• Restless and often crying, increasing the body temperature caused by infection, decreasing appetite, and diarrhea occur.
• The consistency of feces more watery , blood and mucus can be found or not in the feces, color changed to green ( mixed with bile ).
• Anal and the surrounding area became irritation caused by the character of feces which acidic.
• The symptoms of vomiting can occur before or after diarrhea.
• Diarrhea accompanied by persistent vomiting can cause considerable loss of water and electrolytes, then the trigger of dehydration.

The symptoms of dehydration as follows :

• Weight loss
• The eyes look sunken.
• Mucous membranes of the mouth and lips look dry.
• Feeling thirsty and wanted a drink continue
• Decreased turgor of skin.
• Frequency of urination decreased.
• Dehydration can cause balance disturbance of acid basa is indicated by :
• Blood sugar levels are declining.
• Nutritional disorders.
• Blood circulation disorders.
• Respiratory disorders.

The first aid the most important diarrhea associated with the fluid needs inpatient of children and adults. Diarrhea with watery consistency with or without vomiting require replacement of fluid and electrolyte without seeing the cause of the diarrhea. Fluid is recommended to be given liquid of sugar and salt, liquid diet ( soup, yogurt ), water that has been boiled. Fluids are given as much as possible until the diarrhea stops.

In infants with diarrhea should continue to be given mother’s milk for prevent malnourished. If babies receive infant formula milk is recommended for diluted from the size usually. In children who have received solid foods, is recommended to provide porridge least 6 times a day and can give fresh fruit juice or soft bananas to increase potassium intake is lost caused by diarrhea and vomiting. Should remain the same food was given after the diarrhea stops and give the food extra every day for 2 weeks.

Inadults could be given anti-diarrhea medicine, but if pain of continuing,defecation increased accompanied by vomiting or hot body immediately advised the doctor to get proper medical treatment and accurate.

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