Fundamentally, dog training is about
communication. The human perspective the handler is communicating to the dog
what behaviors are correct, desired, or preferred in what circumstances and
what behaviours are undesirable.
A successful handler must also understand the communication
that the dog sends to the handler. The dog can signal that he is unsure,
confused, nervous, happy, excited, and so on.
The canine perspective the handler must learn what motivates the dog if the optimum result is desired. The emotional state of the dog is an important consideration in directing the training, as a dog that is stressed or distracted will not learn efficiently.
Using consistent signals or words for these messages enables the dog to understand them more quickly.
The four important messages that the handler can send the dog :
1.Reward or release marker
Correct behavior. You have earned a reward. For example, "Free" or "Okay" followed by a reward.
2. Keep going signal
Correct behavior. Continue and you will earn a reward. For example, "Good" or "Come on".
3. No reward marker
Incorrect behavior. Try something else. For example, "Uh-oh" or "Try again".
4. Punishment marker
Incorrect behavior. You have earned punishment. For example, "No" or more specific commands like "off," "out," or "leave it."
These four messages do not have to be communicated only with words, but also with nonverbal signals. In particular, mechanical clickers are frequently used for the reward marker. Hand signals and body language also play an important part in learning for dogs.
The meanings of the four signals are taught to the dog through repetition, so that he may form an association by classical conditioning. For example :
The canine perspective the handler must learn what motivates the dog if the optimum result is desired. The emotional state of the dog is an important consideration in directing the training, as a dog that is stressed or distracted will not learn efficiently.
Using consistent signals or words for these messages enables the dog to understand them more quickly.
The four important messages that the handler can send the dog :
1.Reward or release marker
Correct behavior. You have earned a reward. For example, "Free" or "Okay" followed by a reward.
2. Keep going signal
Correct behavior. Continue and you will earn a reward. For example, "Good" or "Come on".
3. No reward marker
Incorrect behavior. Try something else. For example, "Uh-oh" or "Try again".
4. Punishment marker
Incorrect behavior. You have earned punishment. For example, "No" or more specific commands like "off," "out," or "leave it."
These four messages do not have to be communicated only with words, but also with nonverbal signals. In particular, mechanical clickers are frequently used for the reward marker. Hand signals and body language also play an important part in learning for dogs.
The meanings of the four signals are taught to the dog through repetition, so that he may form an association by classical conditioning. For example :
- If the handler consistently gives the dog a reward marker immediately before he gives the dog a food treat, the dog soon will learn to associate the reward marker with receiving something pleasant ( clicker trainers call forming this association "charging up" the clicker ).
- If the dog is always given a punishment marker before he is scolded or put outside for bad behaviour, he will soon learn to associate the punishment marker with the punishment itself.
Dogs usually do not generalize commands easily; that is, a
dog who has learned a command in a particular location and situation may not
immediately recognize the command to other situations. The command will need to
be retaught in each new situation, though it may be substantially easier after
being taught at home where there are fewer distractions. This is sometimes
called "cross-contextualization," meaning the dog has to apply what's
been learned to many different contexts.
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