1. Obstruction of ureter.
Obstruction of ureter cause hydronephrosis. In general obstruction happened
is unilateral, but can also bilateral that always be followed with uremia as a
effect of hydronephrosis. Therapy of causal and symptomatic to uremia.
- Cause of obstruction inside ureter such as urolith, blood clot, neoplasm, inflammatory, stricture of ureter wall.
- Cause of obstruction outside ureter such as dysplasia of ureter effect of torsion or hernia, mass in abdomen, torsio of ureter effect of renal dystopia.
2. Vesicoureteral reflux .
Vesicoureteral reflux is regurgitation stream of urine from the bladder return to ureter. This matter can happened at young dog because underdeveloped ureter finely, but also can happened because :
Vesicoureteral reflux is regurgitation stream of urine from the bladder return to ureter. This matter can happened at young dog because underdeveloped ureter finely, but also can happened because :
- Inflammatory at ureterovesical junction.
- Obstruction of lower urinary tract.
- Ectopic ureter.
Usually do not there are clinical symptom, but if there are
infection is as a predisposition factor to pyelonephritis. Therapy of
vesicoureteral reflux be done to overcome bacterium infection and eliminate
predisposition factor.
3. Ectopic ureter.
At normal animal ureter have estuary at the bladder in trigonal area, but at dog one or both ureter can have estuary outside of the bladder. This situation can occur at female animal with ureter have estuary at uterus, vagina or urethra. There is no sphincter at the end distal of ureter that ectopic will cause happened reflux so that represent predisposition factor to bacterium at renal. Therapy of ectopic ureter can be done with surgery.
Diagnose of ectopic ureter include :
3. Ectopic ureter.
At normal animal ureter have estuary at the bladder in trigonal area, but at dog one or both ureter can have estuary outside of the bladder. This situation can occur at female animal with ureter have estuary at uterus, vagina or urethra. There is no sphincter at the end distal of ureter that ectopic will cause happened reflux so that represent predisposition factor to bacterium at renal. Therapy of ectopic ureter can be done with surgery.
Diagnose of ectopic ureter include :
- According
of anamnesis there are incontinence of urine congenital, and at bilateral
ectopic ureter have never seen normal mikturisi.
- At
palpation do not there are distention of the bladder.
- Existence
of abnormal orifisium at vagina wall through inspection with endoscope.
- Inspection
of radiographic.
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