The term mini describes dogs weighing between 1 to 10 kg at
adult age. This category includes toys whose weight does not exceed 4 kg. While
mini dogs were once prized for their hunting skill, they are very popular today
as pets.
They take very well to a sedentary life, even in towns, on
condition they are taken out for regular exercise.
The category of mini dogs :- Terriers
: fox terrier, Yorkshire terrier, Scottish terrier, jack Russell terrier,
cairn terrier, west highland terrier, etc.
- Dachshunds
: standard and miniature dachshunds, each of which has several form
according to their type of hair.
- Lapdogs
: bichon fries, toy and miniature poodle,
The many kinds of mini also come in a variety of coat
types :
- Long
wavy hair : long haired
- Long
straight hair : maltese bichon, spitz, cavalier and king charles spaniels,
shih tzu, lhasa apso, Pekinese,
- Short
smooth hair : pug,
- Short
curly hair : poodle
- Rough
hair : cairn terrier, rough haired fox terrier, jack Russell terrier, etc.
- Very
short hair : Italian greyhound, short haired dachshund, etc.
Some of these coats require regular care and special
grooming.
The small size and elegant shaped of miniature dogs makes theme appear fragile. In fact mini dogs are very tough. Proof of this their typical longevity, which can exceed 15 years.
Growth stage :
From 2 to 10 months
Fast and demanding, the mini puppy growth is achieved by 8 to 10 months of age.
Most of the body development occurs during the first 6 months. Gaining 20 g per day on average, the puppy needs twice as much energymas an equivalent weight adult. At about 10 month, the puppy weight 20 times the birth weight. Once the puppy is weaned, the digestive capacity increases quite slowly. Optimal digestive capacity is reached only when adult. As fat body mass forms early in the puppy, its vital that puppy does not eat too much. Throughout its growth period the puppy energy requirement is very high, reaching a maximum between 2 and 3 months of age. Between the 4th and 12th week, the immunity passed from the mother to the puppy gradually decreases whilst the mini puppys own immune defences are not yet optimal. These immune defences are however essential as socialization is vital at this important stage of the puppy life. As the enzymatic system is not yet optimal, the mini puppy has a lower digestive tolerance than an adult. The puppy is therefore more prone to having loose stools. Although mineralization of the skeleton is not usually problematic in dogs weighing less than 10 kg, excessive calcium intake should be avoided.
Over 10 months
From 10 months of age, the mini puppy reaches adulthood. The morphology, abilities and characteristics of this life stage require a specific diet. The mini puppys teeth are often irregularly arranged. As they are very close to each other, the mini puppy is prone to developing periodontal disease. Active and very playful, the mini dog expends a lot of energy. Because of the small size, puppy has to take many more steps to cover a given distance compared to a large sized dog., so mini dog expends more energy. As they can live up to 15 or more years, mini dogs undergo the effects of cell ageing for a long period. More than the other breed dog, small dogs are prone to periodontal disease caused by bacteria. Mineralisation of dental plaque on contact with saliva result in tartar formation. In the long term, bacteria may lead to gingivitis and even tooth loosening. The coat reflects the dogs health status and the skin is the first defence against various environmental stresses.
Once the growth period has ended, the dogs energy requirements decrease while the stomach capacity increase. Its important to guard against weight gain, particularly in those mini dogs with less access to outdoors and hence are expending less energy. The more easily the diet is assimilated, the less the mini dog will be prone to gastrointestinal disorders.
The small size and elegant shaped of miniature dogs makes theme appear fragile. In fact mini dogs are very tough. Proof of this their typical longevity, which can exceed 15 years.
Growth stage :
From 2 to 10 months
Fast and demanding, the mini puppy growth is achieved by 8 to 10 months of age.
Most of the body development occurs during the first 6 months. Gaining 20 g per day on average, the puppy needs twice as much energymas an equivalent weight adult. At about 10 month, the puppy weight 20 times the birth weight. Once the puppy is weaned, the digestive capacity increases quite slowly. Optimal digestive capacity is reached only when adult. As fat body mass forms early in the puppy, its vital that puppy does not eat too much. Throughout its growth period the puppy energy requirement is very high, reaching a maximum between 2 and 3 months of age. Between the 4th and 12th week, the immunity passed from the mother to the puppy gradually decreases whilst the mini puppys own immune defences are not yet optimal. These immune defences are however essential as socialization is vital at this important stage of the puppy life. As the enzymatic system is not yet optimal, the mini puppy has a lower digestive tolerance than an adult. The puppy is therefore more prone to having loose stools. Although mineralization of the skeleton is not usually problematic in dogs weighing less than 10 kg, excessive calcium intake should be avoided.
Over 10 months
From 10 months of age, the mini puppy reaches adulthood. The morphology, abilities and characteristics of this life stage require a specific diet. The mini puppys teeth are often irregularly arranged. As they are very close to each other, the mini puppy is prone to developing periodontal disease. Active and very playful, the mini dog expends a lot of energy. Because of the small size, puppy has to take many more steps to cover a given distance compared to a large sized dog., so mini dog expends more energy. As they can live up to 15 or more years, mini dogs undergo the effects of cell ageing for a long period. More than the other breed dog, small dogs are prone to periodontal disease caused by bacteria. Mineralisation of dental plaque on contact with saliva result in tartar formation. In the long term, bacteria may lead to gingivitis and even tooth loosening. The coat reflects the dogs health status and the skin is the first defence against various environmental stresses.
Once the growth period has ended, the dogs energy requirements decrease while the stomach capacity increase. Its important to guard against weight gain, particularly in those mini dogs with less access to outdoors and hence are expending less energy. The more easily the diet is assimilated, the less the mini dog will be prone to gastrointestinal disorders.
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