Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles
that can result from infection of microorganisms around the testicles such as
inflammation of the scrotum or the urogenital tract, especially the
transmission of sexually contagious diseases due to the marriage of nature with
female animals that infected sexually contagious disease.
The shape of orchitis can be acute or chronic. Fertility of
male animals will be decreasing during the acute phase and even becomes worse
in the chronic phase, especially if both of testicles experience inflammation.
If inflammation occur on one testis are usually only these testicular
experienced degeneration, but if the recovery will occur regeneration. The
decrease on quality of semen in day the first and second after occur infection
of orchitis on acute phase and will remain there during acute phase and chronic
phase. If both of testicles experience orchitis so that the decrease on quality
of semen may be permanent.
Symptoms that appear in male animals who experience orchitis is :
Symptoms that appear in male animals who experience orchitis is :
- High
fever for 1 - 14 days.
- Reduction
in appetite.
- Palpation
of the scrotum can be feeling ache.
- There
is swelling on the scrotum.
- Libido
decreased to disappear.
- In a
state of chronic testicular shrinking with hard consistency, and irregular
shape.
- The
male animals become barren.
In cattle there are three degrees of orchitis are :
1. Orchitis intratubuler.
In macroscopic, if the testis can be sliced will be appear yellow or white spots. In histology, appear the rest of the tubules seminiferous on the areas experience inflammation, epithelial cells of the tubules seminiferous become damage and will replaced by a number of inflammatory cells in the center, at the edge of the tubules seminiferous there are many giant cells, basal membrane of the tubules became unclear or missing and occur accumulation of inflammatory cells.
2. Orchitis interstitialis.
Histology, occur infiltration of inflammation between the tubules seminiferous. And finally tubules will become separate from each other and consistency of testis will be more resilient.
3. Orchitis necrotic.
Orchitis necrotic is specific at the testis who experience brucellosis. But orchitis necrotic also can be caused by the testis experience other infections. In orchitis necrotic, testicular experienced necrosis whole or in part. Slice across at testis will appear the region that experience necrosis appear dry, yellow, there is a thin layer experience slightly calcification.
In sheep and goats, the event of orchitis is often accompanied by ischemia nekrotis, abscesses and adhesions between the layer of visceral and parietal of tunica vaginalis to the wall of scrotal. Usually occurs in the process disruption of spermatogenesis from the testis experience inflammation.
Causes of orchitis can be divided into two groups :
1. Orchitis intratubuler.
In macroscopic, if the testis can be sliced will be appear yellow or white spots. In histology, appear the rest of the tubules seminiferous on the areas experience inflammation, epithelial cells of the tubules seminiferous become damage and will replaced by a number of inflammatory cells in the center, at the edge of the tubules seminiferous there are many giant cells, basal membrane of the tubules became unclear or missing and occur accumulation of inflammatory cells.
2. Orchitis interstitialis.
Histology, occur infiltration of inflammation between the tubules seminiferous. And finally tubules will become separate from each other and consistency of testis will be more resilient.
3. Orchitis necrotic.
Orchitis necrotic is specific at the testis who experience brucellosis. But orchitis necrotic also can be caused by the testis experience other infections. In orchitis necrotic, testicular experienced necrosis whole or in part. Slice across at testis will appear the region that experience necrosis appear dry, yellow, there is a thin layer experience slightly calcification.
In sheep and goats, the event of orchitis is often accompanied by ischemia nekrotis, abscesses and adhesions between the layer of visceral and parietal of tunica vaginalis to the wall of scrotal. Usually occurs in the process disruption of spermatogenesis from the testis experience inflammation.
Causes of orchitis can be divided into two groups :
1. Infection group.
Orchitis is caused by the transmission Diplococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium piogenes, Mikrobacterium tuberculosis, Actinomycosis, Brucella abortus, Mycoplasma and Chlamyda.
2. Non-infection group.
Causes of orchitis due to trauma such as shocks or beatings, allergic response on sperma cells such as reaction of tuberkuloid or there are allergens substances.
The diagnosis of orchitis may be determined based on the change of shape and consistency of the testis, there are adhesion between testis and wall of scrotal , and occur the decrease on quality of semen. If orchitis caused by infection of microorganisms, the diagnosis can be done through examination of biopsy on testicular, tests of serological on blood and examination of microscopic on semen.
Treatment can be done based on the types of microorganisms that can be isolated. Drugs that normally be used is chloromisetin or aureomisin, treatment with antibiotics or sulfonamides high dose giving less satisfactory results. In the case of acute that unilateral, testis experiencing inflammation should be taken to prevent the changes of degeneration in the other testis.
Orchitis is caused by the transmission Diplococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium piogenes, Mikrobacterium tuberculosis, Actinomycosis, Brucella abortus, Mycoplasma and Chlamyda.
2. Non-infection group.
Causes of orchitis due to trauma such as shocks or beatings, allergic response on sperma cells such as reaction of tuberkuloid or there are allergens substances.
The diagnosis of orchitis may be determined based on the change of shape and consistency of the testis, there are adhesion between testis and wall of scrotal , and occur the decrease on quality of semen. If orchitis caused by infection of microorganisms, the diagnosis can be done through examination of biopsy on testicular, tests of serological on blood and examination of microscopic on semen.
Treatment can be done based on the types of microorganisms that can be isolated. Drugs that normally be used is chloromisetin or aureomisin, treatment with antibiotics or sulfonamides high dose giving less satisfactory results. In the case of acute that unilateral, testis experiencing inflammation should be taken to prevent the changes of degeneration in the other testis.
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