Metastrongylosis is disease that be caused worm
of nematode from genus of Metastrongylus which attacking pig, sheep, deer and
other ruminants.
Worm of Metastrongylus sp have white colour
with body slender ( almost like yarn ). At pig case of Metastrongylosis be
caused of Metastrongylus apri that have predilection at trachea, bronchus and
bronchiole.
Cycle live worm Metastrongylus happened indirectly through
infection of intermediate host, such as earth-worm from species of Octalasium
lacteum, Allolobophora calignosa, Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia foelida ( as a
species most important ). Worm of Metastrongylus adult can be found life in
bronchi, especially branch of bronchioles at pig. Predilection most precise is
part of caudal from lobus of diaphragmatic. The continuity of live worm egg of
Metastrongylus enter in earth-worm body then round into infective larva.
Infection at pig can happened without process eating earth-worm because
earth-worm spontaneously release infective larva that capable doing infection
to pig. If earth-worm be eaten by pig so that larva in body of earth-worm will
free because ingestion at pig stomach. Then, larva doing penetration to
intestine wall to reach limfe tract and migration to glandule of mesenteric,
hereinafter follow circulation of blood to lungs and penetrate at capillary
wall to alveoli. Then migration to bronchi and trachea through bronchioles.
Clinical symptom metastrongylosis be marked coughed, dispneu, inhibit growth, animal appear weaken and pale mucosa. At light infection will cause pneumonia and bronchitis, at heavy infection can cause death. Change post mortem macroscopicly lungs that experience of infection appear red stain that paleness. This infection form red or pink colored area that usually lay in ventral area from frontage or at boundary under from lobus of diaphragmatic. Microscopicly also appear immature worm at bronchiolus, happened to infiltrate eosinofil at mucosa of bronchial, peribronchial and hyperplasia. Mature worm in bronchi encircled by eosinofil.
Prevention of metastrongylosis can be done by looking after pig at good cage system where earth-worm don't have opportunity can expand, because not possible doing destraction of earth-worm that exist in in ground. For that can be done making cage with floor ossify, place of feed and drink have to clear of dirt.
Treatment of metastrongylosis can be given anthelmentic as follow :
- Tetramisole effective for mature worm
- Levamisole very effective eliminate worm and decreasing the amount of egg
- Diethylcarbamazine effective for mature worm and decreasing the amount of egg.
- Oxfendazole.
- Avermectin.
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