GLAUCOMA

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure resulting changes of pathological in optic discus and defects of eyesight with symptom of sight will on the wane, finally the eye become blind.

At glaucoma the process occur blindness caused by channels of fluid secretory from the eyeball is constrained so that will enlarge the eyeballs, and eyeballs will depress the optic nerve behind the eyeball, which ultimately optic nerve did not get that flow of blood became die.

The types of glaucoma include :

1. Congenital glaucoma.
Glaucoma is found at birth or soon after birth, associated with incomplete development from the structures in and around the anterior chamber of eye that resulting damage of aqueous humor. Congenital glaucoma is usually caused by system of fluid secretory in the eye does not function properly, so that resulting increased eye pressure continues and causes enlargement of the baby's eyes, the anterior eye runny and foggy, and sensitive to light.

2. Infantile glaucoma ( buftalmos, hidroftalmos ).
Congenital glaucoma that can development be fully at birth with enlarge and corneal opacities. Infantile glaucoma can develop at any time until the age of two or three years.

3. Primary glaucoma.
Increased intraocular pressure in eyes that previously happened without the disease.

4. Narrow angle glaucoma.
The type of primary glaucoma in the eye characterized by front room shallow and a narrow angle, where filtration is achieved because the iris corking angle.

5. Secondary glaucoma.
Secondary glaucoma is caused by other conditions such as cataracts, diabetes, trauma, arthritisor previous eye surgery. Eye drops or tablets containing steroids can also increase the pressure on the eye. Therefore, the pressure on the eye should be measured regularly when using these drugs.

6. Open angle glaucoma.
The type of primary glaucoma in the eye where corner of the front room remained open, but filtration slowly decreased because of there are tissue at an angle.

7. Primary open angle glaucoma.
Primary open angle glaucoma is the most common type encountered. Glaucoma with this type is genetic, so high risk if there is family history. Usually occurs in adulthood and grow slowly for months or years. Often there are no symptoms until occur damage of the optic nerve and permanently affected on eyesight. Regular eye examination since early is essential for detection and treatment. Primary open angle glaucoma usually requires lifelong treatment to lower pressure in the eye and prevent further damage.

8. Donders glaucoma.
Open angle glaucoma who had terminal.

9. Acute angle closure glaucoma.
Acute angle closure glaucoma is more common because of the complaint that disturbing. This symptoms are a hard eye pain, blurred vision and look the colors around the light. Acute angle closure glaucoma, including a very serious and can cause blindness in a short time.

The risk factors that trigger the patient suffering from glaucoma, as follows : 

1. History of glaucoma in the family
2. High eye pressure
3. Myopia
4. Diabetes
5. Hypertension ( high blood pressure )
6. Migraine or narrowing of blood vessels of the brain
7. Accident / previous eye surgery
8. Using steroids ( cortisone) in the long term
9. Age more than 45 years

The symptoms of glaucoma who felt the first time by patient, include : 

1. When looking at the neon / light source color will appear the rainbow around the neon.
2. Pain of the eyes felt very hard because the position of eye is swollen.
3. Blurred vision will gradually return to normal, this makes the sufferers of glaucoma do not realize that he was suffering from a chronic eye disease.

Management of glaucoma through giving of eye drops can be combined with drugs that function lowering eye pressure. If giving of drugs can not reduce eye pressure, the only one way to overcome this disease is by surgery to create a new channel. Glaucoma can not be cured, but examination and regular treatment to the eye can reduce the progression of this disease. 

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